RESISTOR
Definition:
A
resistor is an electrical component that limit or regulated the flow of
electrical current in a electronic circuit.
Electronic symbols:
Usage:
·
Reduce
current flow.
·
Adjust
signal levels.
·
To
divide voltages.
·
Bias
active elements.
·
And
terminate transmission lines, among other uses.
Types of resistor:
1.
Fixed resistors
Fixed
resistors are by far the most widely used type of resistor. They are used in
electronics circuit to set the right conditions in a circuit. Fixed resistors
have only one single value of resistance, for example 100Ω’s.
a.
Carbon Resistor
Carbon Resistors are the most
common type of Composition Resistors. Carbon resistors are a cheap
general purpose resistor used in electrical and electronic circuits. Their
resistive element is manufactured from a mixture of finely ground carbon dust
or graphite (similar to pencil lead) and a non-conducting ceramic (clay) powder
to bind it all together.
Carbon Resistor
The Carbon Composite
Resistor is a low to medium type power resistor which has a low
inductance making them ideal for high frequency applications but they can also
suffer from noise and stability when hot.
b.
Film Resistor
The generic term “Film Resistor” consist of Metal Film,
Carbon Film and Metal Oxide Film resistor types, which are
generally made by depositing pure metals, such as nickel, or an oxide film,
such as tin-oxide, onto an insulating ceramic rod or substrate.
Film Resistor
Metal
Film Resistors have much better temperature
stability than their carbon equivalents, lower noise and are generally better
for high frequency or radio frequency applications. Metal Oxide Resistors
have better high surge current capability with a much higher temperature rating
than the equivalent metal film resistors.
c.
Wirewound Resistor
Another type of
resistor, called a Wirewound Resistor, is made by winding a thin metal
alloy wire (Nichrome) or similar wire onto an insulating ceramic former in the
form of a spiral helix similar to the film resistor above.
Wirewound
Resistor
These types of resistor are generally only available in very low
ohmic high precision values (from 0.01 to 100kΩ) due to the gauge of the wire and number of turns
possible on the former making them ideal for use in measuring circuits and
Whetstone bridge type applications.
2.
Variable resistors
These resistors consist of a
fixed resistor element and a slider which taps onto the main resistor element.
This gives three connections to the component, two connected to the fixed
element, and the third is the slider. Variable resistors (potentiometers) can provide an
infinite number of resistance values between zero and their maximum value.
The Resistor Colour Code Table
Colour
|
Digit
|
Multiplier
|
Tolerance
|
Black
|
0
|
1
|
|
Brown
|
1
|
10
|
± 1%
|
Red
|
2
|
100
|
± 2%
|
Orange
|
3
|
1,000
|
|
Yellow
|
4
|
10,000
|
|
Green
|
5
|
100,000
|
± 0.5%
|
Blue
|
6
|
1,000,000
|
±
0.25%
|
Violet
|
7
|
10,000,000
|
± 0.1%
|
Grey
|
8
|
±
0.05%
|
|
White
|
9
|
||
Gold
|
0.1
|
± 5%
|
|
Silver
|
0.01
|
± 10%
|
|
None
|
± 20%
|
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